Vertical equity

Tax Glossary Definition

Vertical equity

Vertical equity is a tax principle stating that taxpayers with different levels of income or wealth should be taxed differently, in a way that reflects their ability to pay. Individuals or entities with higher income or greater resources are expected to contribute a larger share of taxes, promoting fairness and progressivity in the tax system.

Example: In a progressive income tax system, a person earning ₹10 lakh per year may pay 30% tax, while another earning ₹3 lakh per year may pay only 10% tax. This difference reflects the principle of vertical equity, where tax liability increases with the taxpayer’s ability to pay.

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